Expected value calculates average future investment returns based on outcome probabilities. In finance, expected value guides portfolio construction and when to sell assets with lower future value.

Peter Gratton, Ph.D., is a New Orleans-based editor and professor with over 20 years of experience in investing, risk management, and public policy. Peter began covering markets at Multex (Reuters) ...

Value-at-risk is defined as the loss level that will not be exceeded with a certain confidence level during a certain period of time. For example, if a bank’s 10-day 99% VAR is \$3 million, there is ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Chip Stapleton is a Series 7 and Series 66 license holder, CFA Level 1 exam holder, and ...

Football clubs calculate 'expected goals' to help analyse their performances, but what exactly does this mean? With the help of analytics expert Rory Campbell, Adam Bate looks at the detail and why it ...

Expected goals (xG) measures the quality of a chance by calculating the likelihood it will be scored from a particular position on the pitch during a particular phase of play. This value is based on ...