Six critical steps are involved in the manufacturing of semiconductors. These steps include deposition, photoresist, lithography, etch, ionization and packaging. This article discusses several ...

ass spectrometry (MS) has evolved into one of the most sensitive analytical methods for the structural characterization of molecules. 1,2 Ionization is critical for volatilizing sample analytes into a ...

Ions are everywhere, from our daily surroundings to the cosmic expanse. As common table salt (NaCl) dissolves into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in water, it imparts a salty taste. Once ...

Scientists have discovered an indicator of when re-ionization of the primordial Universe began. The team used the Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph (FOCAS) mounted on the Subaru Telescope to ...

Recently, the work was completed by the group of Prof. Sheng Meng from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Beijing National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics. By ...

(Nanowerk News) A research team, led by Professor Tomonori Totani (School of Science, the University of Tokyo) and composed of scientists from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Tokyo ...

The Fe Kα line, or iron Kα line, is often used in astronomical research to understand the physical composition of astronomical objects. This line is produced when a K-shell electron of an iron ion in ...

Ionization systems, installed in medical device manufacturing facilities’ gown-up rooms and product transfer areas have proven to be critical components in reducing particle counts in the associated ...

A research team, led by Professor Tomonori Totani (School of Science, the University of Tokyo) and composed of scientists from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Tokyo Institute of ...