Detection of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) is based on a two-step algorithm including indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp2 cells and subsequent reflex/confirmatory testing for specific ...
Nearly all people who have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) test positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA), but a small number can develop lupus without ANA, known as seronegative or ANA-negative ...